Published:Journal of Chromatographic Science,
ISSN 0021-9665 Volume
47, Number 1, January 2009, pp. 83-91
The Analysis of Halogenated Flame Retardants
by GC–HRMS in Environmental Samples
Terry M. Kolic1, Li Shen1,2,
Karen MacPherson1,
Laila Fayez1, Teresa Gobran1, Paul A. Helm3,
Chris H. Marvin4,
Gilles Arsenault5, and Eric J Reiner1 1Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Lab Services Branch, Toronto
ON, Canada M9P 3V6; 2Department of Chemistry, Brock University,
St Catherines ON, Canada L2S 3A1; 3Ontario Ministry of the Environment,
Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Toronto ON, Canada
M9P 3V6; 4Environment Canada, Water Science and Technology Directorate,
Burlington ON, Canada L7R 4A6; 5Wellington Laboratories, Guelph
ON, Canada, N1G 3M5
The analytical conditions required to determine
polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and a variety of other
halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) by gas chromatography–high
resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in environmental samples
are reported. HRMS can be used to analyze brominated diphenylethers
(BDEs), 2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153)
as well as for a number of other emerging HFRs like allyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl
ether (ATE), 2-bromoallyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (BATE),
2,3-dibromopropyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), octabromotrimethylphenylindane
(OBIND), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), hexabromobenzene (HBB),
1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenylethane
(DBDPE), Dechlorane Plus (DP), hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane
(HCDBCO), tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH), 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocylcooctane
(TBCO), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTeBB), and
bis(2-ethly-1-hexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEHTBP). The detection
in environmental matrices and use of these non-BDE flame retardants
is reviewed. A method for the analysis of PBDEs by isotope dilution
HRMS and 16 other halogenated compounds primarily used as flame
retardants is reported. A survey of selected environmental samples,
which included Lake Ontario surface and tributary sediments,
municipal wastewater effluent, sludge, and mussel tissues, detected
PBDEs, DP, DBDPE, BTBPE, PBEB, BB-153, and HBB.
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