Published:Journal of Chromatographic Science,
ISSN 0021-9665Volume
38, Number 11, November 2000, pp. 469-476
A
Comparative Study of the Ability of Different Solvents and Adsorbents to Extract
Aroma Compounds from Alcoholic BeveragesVicente
Ferreira*, Lina Ortega, Ana Escudero, and Juan F. Cacho
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza,
50.009 Zaragoza, Spain
Seven liquid
solvent systems—dichloromethane, dichloromethane–pentane (1:1), freon
113, diethyl ether–pentane (1:1 and 1:9), ethyl acetate–pentane (with
and without an additional salting-out effect) (1:3 and 1:20), and seven solid-phase
extraction (SPE) systems (Amberlite XAD-2, 4, 7, and 16; Porapak Q; C8; and
C18)—are comparatively studied. The distribution coefficients between the
extraction system and a hydroalcoholic solution (12% v/v in ethanol, pH = 3.2)
of 14 selected volatile compounds belonging to different chemical families and
polarities are calculated. The results are processed by factor analysis and
cluster analysis, and the following conclusions are reached. First, the efficiency
of extraction decreases in this order: polymeric sorbents > silica-based
sorbents > liquid–liquid systems with salting-out effect Å dichloromethane
> rest of liquid solvents. Second, the addition of salt mainly increases
the recovery of compounds with Lewis acid properties. Third, the efficiency
of the extraction of a liquid solvent depends not only on its polarity but also
on its solubility in water. Fourth, in regards to the selectivity of the SPE
systems, Porapak Q is the best to extract nonpolar compounds, Amberlite XAD
4 and 16 provide the least selective extraction profiles, and C8 and C18 have
a special ability to extract compounds with a Brønstedt–Lowry character.
Results indicate that in all cases liquid solvents can be replaced satisfactorily
by SPE systems.
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