Published: Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume
37, Number 9, September 1999, pp. 345-352
Supercritical CO2 and Subcritical Propane Extraction of Spice Red Pepper
Oil with Special Regard to Carotenoid and Tocopherol Content
V. Illés, H.G. Daood, P.A. Biacs, M.H. Gnayfeed, and B. Mészáros
A study is conducted to optimize the supercritical fluid extraction of spice paprika
oil (oleoresin) using supercritical (SF) CO2 and subcritical propane as the solvents.
The main focus is on carotenoid and tocopherol composition as the quality attributes
of technological and nutritional interest. The maximum oil yield is 7.2 and 8.8
g per 100 g paprika with SF-CO2 and subcritical propane, respectively. For the
implementation of complete extraction at the given conditions, the ratio of solvent
to solid is found to be 6.0 and 1.0 using SF-CO2 and propane, respectively. The
carotenoids, particularly fatty acid esters of red xanthophylls, are hardly solubilized
by SF-CO2, whereas with subcritical propane, 80–94% of such components could
be mildly extracted. Tocopherols were easy to extract using either fluid, with
propane being the most efficient solvent. The result of the impact of extraction
conditions on the major carotenoids (such as capsanthin monoester, b-carotene,
capsorubin diesters, and capsanthin diesters, as well as a-, b- and g-tocopherol)
are tabulated with special focus on the degree of loss during extraction by the
two solvents.
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